Terrorists Attack: a Media Analysis :: essays research papers

Terrorists Attack!!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  February 26, 1993, the day that terrorists made the biggest attack on American soil to that point. It was early afternoon on a Friday, 12:18 pm to be exact, a car bomb ripped through the guts of the now infamous North World Trade Center twin tower. It happened very quickly, and without warning, normal people were simply going about their daily business, when all of a sudden, the building shook, the power went out, and smoke began to fill all 110 floors of the towers. Many wondered what had happened, had a plane struck the building, was it an earthquake? D, none of the above, some crazed maniac had decided to kill 5 people and injure many more just to get some point across.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This event graced the front page of newspapers and news magazines across the country, the New York Times was the newspaper closest to the action. Covrage in this newspaper was published one day after the event, and coverednot only the event but the ensuing traffic chaos it caused. Being a newspaper local to New York City, the site of the attack, the newpaper catered to the interests of its local readers. The New York Times, however, is also circulated around the country, and around the world. This required the newpaper editors, publishers, and writers to remain sensitive to the feelings and thoughts of readers in the broader reading audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newsweek Magazine also published coverage of the attack. Their primary audience is a national one, and consequently, the coverage is geared toward a broader audience. Also, seeing as the magazine is only published once a week, rather than daily as the New York Times, Newsweek had more time to gather facts and evidence. This added time for research leads more to a fact based coverage than a question based coverage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One interesting observation is that it seems both sources immediately assume that foreign terrorists were the primary perpetrators of this attack. Neither article comes right out and says it, however both are rather ambiguous about it. Newsweek does mention the possibility of a domestic source for the violence, but spends much more time and effort explaining the possible foreign sources. Overall both articles seem rather straightforward in their representation of the event, and remain rather simplistic, so as not to confuse the reading audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When an event of this magnitude occurs, emotions are bound to play a role in the coverage.

Math Ib Ia Sl

Jonghyun Choe March 25 2011 Math IB SL Internal Assessment – LASCAP’S Fraction The goal of this task is to consider a set of fractions which are presented in a symmetrical, recurring sequence, and to find a general statement for the pattern. The presented pattern is: Row 1 1 1 Row 2 1 32 1 Row 3 1 64 64 1 Row 4 1 107 106 107 1 Row 5 1 1511 159 159 1511 1 Step 1: This pattern is known as Lascap’s Fractions. En(r) will be used to represent the values involved in the pattern. represents the element number, starting at r=0, and n represents the row number starting at n=1. So for instance, E52=159, the second element on the fifth row. Additionally, N will represent the value of the numerator and D value of the denominator. To begin with, it is clear that in order to obtain a general statement for the pattern, two different statements will be needed to combine to form one final statement. This means that there will be two different statements, one that illustrates the numerators and another the denominators, which will be come together to find the general statement.To start the initial pattern, the pattern is split into two different patterns; one demonstrating the numerators and another denominators. Step 2: This pattern demonstrates the pattern of the numerators. It is clear that all of the numerators in the nth row are equal. For example all numerators in row 3 are 6. 1 1 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 Row number (n)| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Numerator (N)| 1| 3| 6| 10| 15| N(n+1) – Nn| N/A| 2| 3| 4| 5| Table 1: The increasing value of the numerators in relations to the row number.From the table above, we can see that there is a downward pattern, in which the numerator increases proportionally as the row number increases. It can be found that the value of N(n+1) – Nn increases proportionally as the sequence continues. The relationship between the row number and the numerator is graphically plotted and a quadratic fit determ ined, using loggerpro. Figure 1: The equation of the quadratic fit is the relationship between the numerator and the row number. The equation for the fit is: N= 0. 5n2+0. 5n or n2+n2, n>0 Equation 1 In this equation, N refers to the numerator.Therefore, N= 0. 5n2+0. 5n or n2+n2, n>0 is a statement that represents step 2 and also step 1. Step 3: In relation to table 1 and step 2, a pattern can be drawn. The difference between the numerators of two consecutive rows is one more than the difference between the previous numerators of two consecutive rows. This can be expressed in a formula N(n+1) – N(n) = N(n) – N(n-1) + 1. For instance, N(3+1) – N(3) = N(3) – N(2) +1. Using this method, numerator of 6th and 7th row can be determined. To find the 6th row’s value, n should be plugged in as 5 so that N(6) can be found.As for the 7th row’s numerator, n should be plugged in as 6. 6th row numerator is therefore: N(5+1) – N(5) = N(5) – N( 4)+1 N(6) – 15 = 15 – 10+1 N(6) = 15+6 N(6) = 21 7th row numerator is therefore: N(6+1) – N(6) = N(6) – N(5)+1 N(7) – 21 = 21 – 15 +1 N(6) = 42 – 15 + 1 N(6) = 28 Not only by this method, but from the equation found in step 2, figure 1, 6th and 7th row numerator can be found also. 6th row numerator: N(6)=0. 5? 62+0. 5? 6 N(6)=0. 5? 36+3 N(6)=21 th row numerator: N(7)=0. 5? 72+0. 5? 7 N(7)=0. 5? 49+3. 5 N(7)=28 Consequently, these are the values of numerators up to the 7th row. 1 1 3 3 3 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Using the method in step 3 and equation 1 in figure 1, it is evident that the numerator in the 6th row is 21. Since both equations have brought same values, it can be concluded that equation 1 is a valid statement that demonstrates the pattern of the numerator.Equation 1 will be used later also, in order to form a general statement of the pattern of whole LACSAP Fract ions. Step 4: When examining the denominators in the LASCAP’S Fractions, their values are the highest in the beginning, decreases, and then increases again. For example, the denominators in row 5 are; 15 11 9 9 11 15. From this pattern, we can easily see that the equation for finding the denominator would be in a parabola form. Element | 0| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Denominator | 15| 11| 9| 9| 11| 15|The relationship between the denominator and the element number is graphically plotted and a quadratic fit determined, using loggerpro. Figure 2: This parabola describes the relationship between the denominator and element number. The equation for the fit is : D = r2 – nr+r0 . In this equation, r refers to the element number starting from 0, and r0 being the first denominator value in the row. n refers to the row number starting from 1. To see if this equation work, the 3rd denominator value in the 3rd row was measured. D = 22 – 3 ? 2+6 D = 4 – 6 +6 D = 4With this equat ion, it is evident that the 6th and 7th row denominator values can be found. We already know the first and last denominators from when numerators were found; which are 21 and 28. 6th row second and sixth denominator: D = 12 – 6 ? 1+21 D = 1- 6+21 D = 16 6th row third and fifth denominator: D = 22 – 6 ? 2+21 D = 4- 12+21 D = 13 th row fourth denominator: D = 32 – 6 ? 3+21 D = 9- 18+21 D = 12 7th row second and seventh denominator: D = 12 – 7 ? 1+28 D = 1- 7+28 D = 22 7th row third and sixth denominator: D = 22 – 7 ? +28 D = 4- 14+28 D = 18 7th row fourth and fifth denominator: D = 32 – 7 ? 3+28 D = 9- 21+28 D = 16 Now, since the denominators in the 6th and 7th row are found, the sixth and seventh rows can be drawn and added in the LACSAP’S Fractions. Consequently, these are the fractions up to the 7th row. 1 1 32 1 1 64 64 1 1 107 106 107 1 1 1511 159 159 1511 1 1 2116 2113 2112 2113 2116 1 1 2822 2818 2816 2816 2818 2822 1 Now th at the patterns for the LASCAP’S Fractions are found, all fractions can be expressed in the form En (r) when it is the (r+1)th element in the nth row, starting with r=0. The general statement of the pattern is clearly found when using the equations for the nominator and the denominator.Therefore, the general statement for En r will be En (r) = 0. 5n2+0. 5n r2 – nr+r0 In order to see if the equation works correctly, we can plug in number and figure out if the general statement works out. For example, E7 (3) = 2816 = 0. 5n2+0. 5n r2 – nr+r0 = 0. 5 ? (7)2+0. 5 ? (7) 32 – 7? 3+28 = 2816 . Here, it is clear that the formula is applicable. In order to make sure that the general statement is valid, finding the additional rows of the recurring sequence of fractions by using the general statement above would be useful.Here, I chose to settle on 2 additional rows which are the 8th and 9th rows in the pattern. 8th row numerator: N(8)=0. 5? 82+0. 5? 8 N(8)=0. 5? 64+4 N8=36 9th row numerator: N(9)=0. 5? 92+0. 5? 9 N(9)=0. 5? 81+4. 5 N9=45 8th row second and eighth denominator: D = 12 – 8 ? 1+36 D = 1- 8+36 D = 29 8th row third and seventh denominator: D = 22 – 8 ? 2+36D = 4- 16+36 D = 24 8th row fourth and sixth denominator: D = 32 – 8 ? 3+36 D = 9- 24+36 D = 21 8th row fifth denominator: D = 42 – 8 ? 4+36 D = 16- 24+36 D = 28 9th row second and ninth denominator: D = 12 – 9 ? 1+45 D = 1- 9+45 D = 37 9th row third and eighth denominator: D = 22 – 9 ? +45 D = 4- 18+45 D = 31 9th row fourth and seventh denominator: D = 32 – 9 ? 3+45 D = 9- 27+45 D = 27 9th row fifth and sixth denominator: D = 42 – 9 ? 4+45 D = 16- 36+45 D = 25 Thus, these are the fractions up to the 9th row. 1 1 1 32 1 64 64 1 1 107 106 107 1 1 1511 159 159 1511 1 1 2116 2113 2112 2113 2116 1 1 2822 2818 2816 2816 2818 2822 1 1 3629 3624 3621 3628 3621 3624 3629 1 1 4537 4531 4527 4525 4525 4527 4531 4537 1 This shows th at the general statement for the symmetrical, recurring sequence of fractions is valid and will continue to work.

Stockhausen Life and Works - 614 Words

Composer Karlheinz Stockhausen was born August 22, 1928 in the small town of Mà ¶drath located just west of Cologne Germany. He was the first child of three born to Simon and Gertrud Stockhausen. Early in his life, the Stockhausen family struggled financially. Germany was in a low point of stability after WWI and most people had trouble making ends meet. Simon Stockhausen, a teacher at the time, was forced to move from one temporary post to another on average twice a year. Unfortunately in 1932 when he was four years old, Stockhausen’s mother Gertrud was committed into a sanatorium. This was likely due to the depression she encountered associated with the instability, poverty, and having three children so close to one another. In 1935 Shortly after his wife became ill, Simon Stockhausen was promoted to head teacher at a small village school located in Altenburg. The newly formed Third Reich led by Adolf Hitler used him in this position to influence the local community by s preading propaganda and organizing fundraisers for the new movement. Karlheinz Stockhausen showed an early interest in music and the family piano. The family also owned a radio that young Stockhausen listened to and attempted to imitate. When he was seven, Karlheinz was enrolled in school and began his first piano lessons with the organist of the local Protestant church. He practiced often and learned to play back music he heard on the radio. In 1939 Karlheinz was refused admission to an elite highShow MoreRelatedAre Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?2634 Words   |  11 Pagesthe progression of electronic music and synthesized music. Many of Webern’s followers tried to extend the idea of ‘tone colour’ and the 12-tone technique to electronic music, notably Stockhausen who was greatly influenced by Webern’s serial technique. How Stockhausen’s influenced an electronic generation. Stockhausen began studying under Messaian with the influence of serialism, early pieces the influence can be seen from both, his mentor and Webern, notably in Kreuzspiel (1951), and Spiel (1952);Read MoreAre Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?2642 Words   |  11 Pagesprogression of electronic music and synthesized music. Many of Webern’s followers tried to extend the idea of ‘tone colour’ and the 12-tone technique to electronic music, notably Stockhausen who was greatly influenced by Webern’s serial technique. How Stockhausen’s influenced an electronic generation. Stockhausen began studying under Messaian with the influence of serialism, early pieces the influence can be seen from both, his mentor and Webern, notably in Kreuzspiel (1951), and Spiel (1952);Read MoreRunning Head : Gender Inequality And Women1526 Words   |  7 Pagesperceive women by their gender stereotypes and physical appearance, which prevent women from getting hired. Women have lower chances of getting promoted and advancing in their careers because society perceives them with having a conflict between work and family life. Women also earn far less money than men because they do not have careers requiring on the job training, do not overwork as much as men, and are perceived as not devoted to her career. The review will discuss women and the reasons behind theRead MoreThe Music Of John Cage1172 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Cage lived a very interesting, non-traditional life that allowed him to form his outside of the box philosophy on music that questions the very definition of music. After exploring many different careers in the art world, he decided to compose music and through a winding, tumultuous road, he rose to the top of the classical music world. His life greatly influenced his music. His study of Buddhism and working with the choreographies of Merce Cunningham allowed Cage to discover the other sideRead MoreEssay on Wagnerian3838 Words   |  16 PagesWagner to the degree that he does. He also hit me once when I referred to Wagner as a proto-Nazi. Granted we were both a bit drunk at the time, but even so, you may get a bit of an idea how much respect and love Matthew has for the various works of Richard W. Nonetheless, I stand by both of those statements. Theres no point denying the proto-Nazi thing, since handsome Adolf said it himself: whoever wants to understand National Socialist Germany must first understand WagnerRead MoreImpact of Sociology and Psychology Factors on Leisure/Tourism Activity2296 Words   |  10 Pagesparticipation of recreational activities free from any other obligations or responsibilities (Lynch Veal 2006, p. 25). The issues statement provided for discussion through this essay is: â€Å"Australian governments, industry bodies and organizations work to promote leisure participation through a range of event, sport, tourism or hospitality experiences. All individuals have the opportunity to participate in these leisure experiences and can benefit from them if they make the effort†. This essay embodiesRead MoreEssay about Le Corbusier: Philips Pavilion, Brussels, 19582115 Words   |  9 Pagespavilions by General Motors and Ford at the Chicago fair of 1933 and the New York fair of 1939. But rather than having a traditional pavilion that would display their products for the visitors to browse through, Philips chose to create an integrated work of modern art that would utilize its wide array of technologies. Therefore, the Philips pavilion had no exhibits per se; rather it was a kind of exhibit in itself; an all-encompassing showcase of what the Philips corporation could offer. For theRead MoreEssay about Mus 121 Final7488 Words   |  30 PagesClick the Comment button to record this comment. Comment open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Section 1, Question 3 During the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works __________. to be sung to be played that followed an A-B-A pattern that were sacred Answer Answer Choice number 2: to be played Feedback Correct! If you would like to make a comment regarding this item, type your comment into this box:

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ( T1dm ) - 1456 Words

INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common metabolic disorder in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved [1]. T1DM is considered a chronic immune-mediated disorder. It was hypothesized that whilst children have a genetic predisposition to T1DM, there is likely to be an environmental factor that triggers the development of T1DM. Possible triggers that have been suggested include viral infection, vaccines, low levels of vitamin D and cow’s milk, [2]. Oxidative stress is one of the important pathways that have been involved in the etiopathogenesis of T1D [3]. Complications of T1DM could be due to the cellular metabolism leading to hyperglycemia and excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).†¦show more content†¦Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GST M1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GST T1) polymorphisms with the development of T1DM and disease- related risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 64 diabetic children with T1DM with a mean age of 11.7 ± 3.6 years; 26 boys and 38 girls. They were enrolled from the attendants of pediatric genetic and endocrinology unit and pediatric outpatient clinic of Menoufia university Hospitals, Egypt. The study was conducted in the period from January 2015 to March 2016. Diagnosis of T1DM patients was based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria [9]. Patients were followed up , regularly checked and investigated accordingly for diabetic complications , their current treatment regimens. Cases suffering from 2ry diabetes , or having chronic-related diseases , like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism or hypoadrenalism were excluded. Forty-one apparently healthy children of matched age and sex served as a control group. Written informed consent was obtained from each child included in the study or their participant parents. Ethical clearance was obtained for the research project. 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PatientsRead MoreIncreasing Coping Skills in Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes1629 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, there are 15,600 new cases of Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) each year (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Boys and girls are at relatively equal risks for developing T1DM up until fourteen years old, with risks peaking around puberty. Following puberty, incidences tend to be higher in white males than women (Soltesz, Pat terson, Dahlquist, 2007). 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About the Disability Cause: Experts say diabetes is partly genetic and at least partly behavioral. Obesity and lack of exercise are key risk factors for the most common form. Many people think that diabetes results from eating too many sweets, but the truth is more complex. Type 2 diabetes -- also known as adult-onset diabetes -- is characterized by â€Å"insulin resistanceRead MoreEssay on The Increasing Prevelance of Type 2 Diabetes1011 Words   |  5 Pagesrecently, the common type of diabetes in children and teens was the type 1, little wonder it was called juvenile diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic, unremitting medical conditions that develop in childhood or adolescence. There is a bimodal age of onset, with the first peak at 4 to 6 years and the second peak in early adolescence. But now younger people are also getting type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes. But now it is becoming

Essay Selfie and Self Image - 1114 Words

One of the most defining characteristics of American history is the ability to create new and existing trends that come popular in America. Americans define these trends as pop culture. Popular culture can revolve around music, clothing, celebrities, vernacular or slang, and other fixations that become widespread across America. One of the most prominent parts of pop culture today is the language that is spoken. Today’s language is filled with slang terms that are derogative, over used, and narcissistic. One of the most over used words of 2013 was the term selfie. The word selfie was named Oxfords Dictionary’s word of the year. According to the oxford dictionary the definition of selfie is â€Å"a photograph that one has taken of oneself,†¦show more content†¦An article written by Thomas Peracchio addresses that â€Å"selfies account for 30% of the pictures taken in the 18 to 24 age group†(Peracchio). With such a high percentage of selfies being posted, it correlates with the idea that this generation of teens and young adults are self-absorbed. Not only it is the word seen in a self-absorbed connotation, but also it has been used in a humorous manner. One of the latest twitter accounts popping up on peoples twitter feeds is the account called â€Å"@SelfieOlympics†. These twitter accounts post pictures of people taking insane selfies. It is not just the standard front view camera picture or ‘mirror pic it has become a game. Individuals will take pictures of themselves posing with objects, costumes, and their friends typically in their bathroom mirror. An article called â€Å"What Is The Selfie Olympics? Twitter Game Exposes Narcissism In Social Media† confirms that it takes a little creativity and a little bit of athleticism to be a part of the selfie Olympics. People are not only just posting pictures of them self, but the idea of the selfie has become a form of communication. Snapchat has become infamous for sending pictures as a form of communication between friends. A person can snap a picture of themselves send it to their friends, it will appear for a maximum of ten seconds, and then disappear. Some critics believe that, â€Å"when Snapchat started is whenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jacque Lacan s The Mirror Stage1644 Words   |  7 Pagesto the realization that his first interaction with his â€Å"self† wasn’t with a mirror at all- it was actually with an iPhone’s front facing camera- used as a form of distraction while he sat in his highchair. This made start thinking about the fact that the recent generations are the first who do not need a mirror to see their â€Å"reflections†, how does that affect them? 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In fact, selfie has appeared long time ago, accord ing to the report â€Å"the first American self-portrait photo produced in 1839 was of Robert Cornelius using a daguerreotype, who took a photo of himself outside of his family’s store in PhiladelphiaRead MoreWhat Gives People Me Take A Selfie?1488 Words   |  6 PagesBut First, Let Me Take a Selfie A lot of people from the average citizen to Barack Obama, the President of the United States, take selfies. A selfie is basically a picture of yourself, a self-portrait that is usually shared on any social networking site. By just switching to front camera with just a tap, anyone is able to take a selfie. It is a popular trend and is a part of our modern day culture that a lot of us engage without a second thought, as if it is as much as who we are or as the clothesRead MoreSelf-Images and Selfies1509 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-Image and Selfies: A Freudian Analysis Chosen as Oxford dictionaries as the 2013 word of the year, the term selfie refers to â€Å"a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. The term has made a definite mark on popular culture, the frequency usage increased over 17,000% in the 2012-2013 year (BBC News). With the rise in popularity there has also been much discussion on the possible effects of the selfie phenomena. 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Everyone engages in what Goffman called impression management (IM) and this is which means that every participant in a social interaction defines the situation with the informationRead MoreSelfie Addiction and its Psychological effects to Adolescents2063 Words   |  9 PagesSelfie Addiction and its Psychological effects to Adolescents Thesis statement: Social media and the mobile web have given rise to a strange phenomenon called â€Å"Selfie†. It may be the 2013 word of the year, but for certain at-risk people, taking selfies just may be dangerous. What is Selfie? According to Oxford English Dictionary, it is a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smart phone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. You see them allRead MoreAssociation Among Self Photography And Self Esteem, And Narcissism1218 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation Among Self-Photography and Self-Esteem, and Narcissism The procreation of social media in daily life has caused various questions about how individuals display themselves in these platform. The recent studies explored the association between self-esteem and the posting of self-photographs on a social media networking site such as Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook. Social media arenas have become strikingly popular in the past decade serving the varied communicative intentions. Despite

First Foods Online Food Delivery Plan

Question: Discuss about the First Foods Online Food Delivery Plan. Answer: Introduction First Foods is an online food delivery organization started to fill the prevailing market gaps and opportunities available in E-commerce business sector. This organization is meant to allow various customer to make orders for food and drinks at their places of work, indoors at home or any other place. First Foods Online Food Delivery Plan Introduction Mission First Food online company will work with various major hotels and restaurants to provide food to various customers at their specification. Objective The main objective for this organization is to allow customers of various First Food hotels and restaurants to have access to various services at their specified locations (Honig Karlsson, 2014). Marketing Plan The organization will provide services to children, youths, adults, and aged and working class individuals. The main targeted groups are the working class people who have few minutes for lunch break (Chen, Yao Kotha, 2009). The organization has developed online sites where customers can create account and order food. There is also a mobile application which customers are able to use in order to order food. Necessities The company will succeed only with use of various resources. Most of the employee will be IT experts, website, mobile applications, delivery vehicles, drivers, chefs and restaurants. Competitive Analysis Competitive Advantage The company is operating in an environment with less c0mpatition and few firms compared to other business sectors (Chen, Yao Kotha, 2009). The prior establishment of various restaurants and location of the business headquarters within the main city gives it advantage accessing customers compared to other business. Threats The main threat the organization is likely to face is stiff competition from already established firms like Delivery Hero and Menulog. Development Plan The organization is meant to deliver food to the customers in less than ten minutes after order. This is meant to beat other competitors in the market who use 20 minutes time span between order and delivery (Chen, Yao Kotha, 2009). Use advanced technology and create many restaurants in every part of the country in order to reach the extended market. References Chen, X. P., Yao, X., Kotha, S. (2009). Entrepreneur passion and preparedness in business plan presentations: a persuasion analysis of venture capitalists' funding decisions. Academy of Management journal, 52(1), 199-214. Honig, B., Karlsson, T. (2014). Institutional forces and the written business plan. Journal of Management, 30(1), 29-48.

The Emerging Leader Leadership Development Based by Magnet® Model

Question: Discuss about The Emerging Leader for Leadership Development Based by Magnet Model? Answer: Needs are the gaps present between the desirable situation and the actual situation regarding any particular topic. This is very relevant to nursing, as this field requires a process by which priorities can be determined, and improvements can be made (Nguyen Brenda Zierler, 2011). Needs assessment helps in better patient outcomes with respect to the nursing field (Horsch et al. 2011). The present needs assessment done was on the subject of leadership development in nursing. This was done in order to meet the healthcare needs. Development of a leadership area for nursing would help the interdisciplinary teams in making the plan for better care. This writing is on the needs assessment done, the methodology, in brief, the data collected, interpretation and analysis of data and future implications. A conclusion has been drawn after that from the nursing leadership needs assessment undertaken. Procedure The emphasis during the needs assessment was on the present leadership in nursing and the requirement to develop it, a prediction of the future need of the nursing leadership, the needs of the patient and their families who are the end recipients of health care, organisational assessment of leadership and how a leadership program can fulfil the needs for the practice settings. The present needs assessment was carried out by taking interviews of the stakeholders. Ten multi-specialty hospitals were chosen as the settings and the critical care wards and the geriatric wards were included in the assessment. The participants were 5 registered nurses, five enrolled nurses from each of the wards, ten patients from each of the wards and one family member of each patient. Open-ended questions were asked to the participants and recorded in an appropriate manner. Ethics was maintained while doing so and the participants comfort was taken care of. These are crucial while conducting interviews (Lucas, 2014). The needs assessment was done by allocating time from the clinical hours. Appropriate utilisation of time made the process of carrying out the assessment easy and convenient (Knutsen-Larson et al. 2012). One hospital was taken at a time for undertaking the assessment and on completion of the assessment with all the participants, mainly the nurses and the patients, the next hospital was taken up. In cases where the family members of the patients could not be contacted within the allotted time, it was noted down and made sure that the person is contacted afterwards. For proper data collection, it was very much essential to have a complete set of data. Data collection and interpretation The findings revealed that nursing leadership development need was the greatest in the area of developing the profession. This involved interdisciplinary and organisational working, interaction with other professionals in the health care sector and making the impact on the health policies and clinical decision-making. On the other hand development need was considered as lower in aspects having relation to managing patient care delivery in an effective manner and the system of care within which enrolled nurses and registered nurses operate. Enrolled nurses reported higher leadership development needs than the registered nurses. The differences were in dimensions of a presence of skills for clinical leadership and development of the profession. A significant difference was observed between the enrolled nurses and the registered nurses in the field of managing the clinical section of nursing. This analysis revealed that the enrolled nurses expressed a greater leadership development need. There were no particular differences between the enrolled nurses and the registered nurses in the dimensions of developing the individuality, incorporating self-development and self-awareness. These were seen as important. The interviews conducted confirmed the main findings from the national survey. The results of the interviews showed some amount of disagreement on the definition of clinical leadership. There was a consensus that it was founded on experience, credibility and expertise. Being a clinical leader was taken up as the most challenging aspects for enrolled nurses because of the new responsibilities, poor definition of the role and conflicting ideas. The interviews indicated that nurses are the clinical leaders who can be considered as the guardians of patient care, and it is thereby expected that they undertake advanced practice by implementing advocacy for the interests of the patients and maintenance of the care standards. One significant aspect that needs to be mentioned in relation to the assessment is that the nurses among the participants thought themselves to be well placed for providing clinical leadership. The issue was that they pointed out was that the role they had been often misused and the contributions they made were unrecognised to a great extent. Discussion As nurses move apart from direct nursing care or are new to the nursing field, they are not much sure of the roles they have and therefore, the nursing leadership needs are more (Sandstrm et al. 2011). The successful development of nurses as clinical leaders needs planned approaches and different techniques that certainly takes into account team, individual and health care setting characteristics (MacPhee et al. 2012). Nursing leadership needs are greater in aspects that are related to interprofessional working. Need is taken up as lower in aspects that are directly associated with direct care (Curtis et al. 2011). Nursing leadership development programs must be constructed after the nurse development needs are well known. As nursing leadership is a shared responsibility, the registered nurses must help the enrolled nurses in implementing effective nursing leadership. If they work together, they can definitely secure the influence and recognition they need in relation with nursing le adership. Partnership arrangements between nursing educators and health services can thus provide the synergies for strategic development of nursing leadership. Future implications The needs assessment done throws light on the present situation of nursing leadership and its role in the health care sector. It can be said that a national clinical leadership framework is required for supporting all grades of nurses. What is significant in this regard is that there is a need to recognise the fact that different clinical grades may have separate and individual needs. A combined approach accounting for leadership development and a leader is very much required (Corazzini et al. 2014). Leadership development must help nurses to maintain their nursing practice within the context of their health care organisation. In particular, strategies must be developed for helping the nurses articulate the discrete contribution to patient care. Both leadership development, on an interpersonal and organisational basis, and leader development, on interpersonal and organisational basis must be taken up as part of the broad spectrum of clinical and nursing leadership development (Benjam in et al. 2011). Development programs incorporate the essential learning experiences based in health care settings, and opportunities must be given to the nurses taking part in it for reflecting on the experiences they have. More needs assessments must be carried out for putting forward more recommendations for bringing improvements in nursing leadership. Conclusion Much difference persists between the desirable scenario on nursing leadership and the actual present scenario as experienced by the nurses and the patients along with the family members. Moreover, the enrolled nurses, including the novice nurses, needs more leadership skills that registered nurses. For meeting the nursing leadership development needs, the nurses must undertake the effective programs for developing education and providing training. Such programs will include rich content on the basics of leadership as the foundation for development. A complete package for leadership development training must incorporate expert input in the theoretical aspects, interdisciplinary learning and experiential learning in nursing practice (Blumenthal et al. 2012). Theory elements can be developed and then executed using the several available study methods, including modern methods like e-learning. The overall positive impact of enhanced nursing leadership will therefore be on better patient care as reflected by better patient outcomes. References Benjamin, K., Riskus, R., Skalla, A. (2011). The Emerging Leader: Leadership Development Based On The Magnet Model.Journal of Nursing Administration,41(4), 156-158. Blumenthal, D. M., Bernard, K., Bohnen, J., Bohmer, R. (2012). Addressing the leadership gap in medicine: residents' need for systematic leadership development training.Academic Medicine,87(4), 513-522. Corazzini, K., Twersky, J., White, H. K., Buhr, G. T., McConnell, E. S., Weiner, M., Coln-Emeric, C. S. (2014). Implementing culture change in nursing homes: An adaptive leadership framework.The Gerontologist, gnt170. Curtis, E. A., Sheerin, F. K., de Vries, J. (2011). Developing leadership in nursing: the impact of education and training.British Journal of Nursing,20(6), 344-352. Horsch, A., Hapfelmeier, A., Elter, M. (2011). Needs assessment for next generation computer-aided mammography reference image databases and evaluation studies.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery,6(6), 749-767. Knutsen-Larson, S., Dawson, A. L., Dunnick, C. A., Dellavalle, R. P. (2012). Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment.Dermatologic clinics,30(1), 99-106. Lucas, S. R. (2014). Beyond the existence proof: ontological conditions, epistemological implications, and in-depth interview research.Quality Quantity,48(1), 387-408. MacPhee, M., Skelton Green, J., Bouthillette, F., Suryaprakash, N. (2012). An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), 159-169. Nguyen, D. N., Brenda Zierler, R. N. (2011). A survey of nursing faculty needs for training in use of new technologies for education and practice.Journal of Nursing Education,50(4), 181. Sandstrm, B., Borglin, G., Nilsson, R., Willman, A. (2011). Promoting the implementation of evidence based practice: A literature review focusing on the role of nursing leadership.Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing,8(4), 212-223.